In the 1980s, Howard Rheingold's, Tools for Thought, forecast the future of personal computers as mind-amplifiers. In the 1990s, Rheingold identified and named The Virtual Community; in 2001, his book, Smart Mobs, named another phenomenon. He worked with Institute for the Future, initiating an interdicisplinary study of cooperation. More recently, Rheingold has taught digital journalism, participatory media and collective action, virtual community and social media at Stanford and Berkeley. He was recently awarded a grant from the MacArthur Foundation to create a social media classroom, curriculum, and community of practice around the use of participative media in pedagogy.